Iron Vitamin Deficiency in Children
Iron Vitamin Deficiency in Children; Iron deficiency is one of the most common health problems in childhood. Although it is common in the neonatal period, feeding errors are also important in the emergence of the disease. Neglecting iron deficiency causes many problems, from weakening of the immune system to mental problems.
Iron Requirement Increases in Newborns From 6th Month
There are three main points of iron deficiency anemia.
- Less intake
- Infection in the stomach and intestinal systems
- Consumption losses.
Although there is iron in breast milk, iron deficiency occurs especially from the sixth month due to the rapid growth of the child in the first months. And the need becomes more difficult to meet.
A baby born with an average weight of 3 kilograms weighs between 9-10 kilograms at the age of 1 year. This means a 3-fold increase. With the consumption of vitamins and minerals suitable for this increase rate, the diet may not always meet the need.
Especially if breast milk is not given fully, cow’s milk is in question and feeding is wrong, this situation becomes even clearer.
Beware of Children Licking Slippers and Walls
As the extent of iron deficiency anemia increases, children begin to experience behaviors such as eating the soil at the bottom of the pots or outside, licking slippers and walls.
After that;
- Unrest,
- Developmental disorder,
- Increased heart rate leading to heart failure revealed on physical examination,
- Enlargement in the liver
Such symptoms are also added.
If iron deficiency anemia lasts for a long time, during the school period;
- Forgetfulness,
- Bad temper,
- Loss of appetite with insomnia
It gains an important dimension.
Families Should Be Conscious About This
Children with signs of iron deficiency are first given a detailed blood test. Although the treatment of children with iron deficiency varies according to age and weight, 3mg – 5mg iron supplementation per day is started.
This treatment takes at least one to two months. The most important aim of the treatment is; It should be taught to families how and with which foods to give iron.
For this, the following rules should be observed:
- When it is said to be taken on an empty stomach, many families sometimes think of ‘hunger’ just before a meal. However, the hunger in question is between two meals.
- On the fifth day of the treatment, it is checked whether a cell showing the effect of iron in the blood is multiplying or not. For this, tests should not be neglected. If there is an increase, it is understood that the treatment is on the right track.
- Treatment should be continued until the values return to normal by checking the iron levels at regular intervals.
- If iron treatment is neglected, there will be an increase in infections, an increase in immune system and mental health disorders.
Iron Deficiency in Children: Frequently Asked Questions
What is iron deficiency and how does it affect a child’s health?
Iron deficiency occurs when a child’s body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Without enough iron, the body can’t make enough healthy oxygen-carrying red blood cells, leading to a condition called iron deficiency anemia.
In children, iron is crucial for brain development, growth, and immune function. If left untreated, a lack of iron can lead to physical and mental developmental delays, behavioral issues, and an increased susceptibility to infections.
What are the common symptoms of low iron in kids?
Symptoms of iron deficiency can be subtle, especially in the early stages. Parents should look for the following signs:
- Pale Skin: A noticeable paleness, especially in the hands, nail beds, and around the eyes.
- Fatigue and Weakness: A child who seems tired all the time or has low energy despite getting enough sleep.
- Slow Growth: Difficulty gaining weight or height at a normal rate.
- Pica: Unusual cravings for non-food items like ice, dirt, or paint.
- Poor Appetite: A lack of interest in eating, even favorite foods.
- Irritability: Frequent mood swings or unusual fussiness.
What causes iron deficiency in toddlers and older children?
There are several factors that can contribute to low iron levels in children:
- Dietary Habits: The most common cause is a diet low in iron-rich foods, especially during the transition from breast milk or formula to solid foods.
- Excessive Milk Consumption: Drinking too much cow’s milk (more than 24 ounces a day) can fill a child up, leaving less room for iron-rich solids. Furthermore, milk can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb iron.
- Growth Spurts: During periods of rapid growth, the body’s demand for iron increases significantly.
- Absorption Issues: Certain gastrointestinal conditions, like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease, can prevent the body from absorbing iron properly.
Which foods are best for increasing a child’s iron levels?
To prevent or treat deficiency, it is important to include two types of iron in a child’s diet: Heme iron (from animal sources) and Non-heme iron (from plant sources).
- Animal Sources: Lean red meats (beef, lamb), poultry (chicken, turkey), and fish.
- Plant Sources: Iron-fortified cereals, beans, lentils, spinach, tofu, and dried fruits (raisins, apricots).
Pro Tip: Pair iron-rich foods with Vitamin C (like oranges, strawberries, or bell peppers). Vitamin C significantly boosts the absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources.
How much iron do children need daily by age?
The daily requirement for iron changes as a child grows. According to general pediatric guidelines:
- 7 to 12 months: 11 mg/day
- 1 to 3 years: 7 mg/day
- 4 to 8 years: 10 mg/day
- 9 to 13 years: 8 mg/day
- Adolescent Boys (14-18): 11 mg/day
- Adolescent Girls (14-18): 15 mg/day (due to menstruation)
Are iron supplements safe for children and what are the side effects?
Iron supplements are generally safe and often necessary if a blood test confirms a deficiency. However, they should only be given under a doctor’s supervision, as excessive iron can be toxic.
Common side effects of iron supplements include:
- Dark or black-colored stools (this is normal and harmless).
- Mild stomach upset or nausea.
- Constipation.
- Temporary staining of the teeth (if using liquid iron drops).
Always keep iron supplements out of reach of children, as an overdose of iron is a leading cause of accidental poisoning in young children.
