Knee and Hip Joint Prosthesis Operations

With the effect of advancing age and calcification, the worn joint surfaces make joint movements painful. It also causes moderate or severe limitation in joint range of motion. There may also be an externally noticeable curvature and shortening of the leg.

With prosthetic surgeries, the worn surfaces of the hip and knee joints are replaced. With prosthesis and smooth slippery surfaces are obtained. Pain and deformities are eliminated. In addition, the normal anatomical shape and length of the leg is gained.

Even if the preoperative joint range of motion is a very important determinant. The widest possible range of motion can be achieved with a well-placed prosthesis. Along with the precision in the placement of the prosthesis, the quality of the prosthesis is the most important factor in the longevity of the joint prosthesis.

Prosthetic Surgery Planning

In order to get the best efficiency from the prosthesis, to maintain the painless and natural movement ability for a long time, and to ensure a long durability of the prosthesis, general rules are clear and careful planning is made by taking these into account in all surgeries.

These plans are tried to be implemented in the best way in the surgery. But every joint has different, custom-measured angles and lengths. Naturally, these measurements are different for each patient. As a result, we can say that a different operation is performed for each patient based on the same basic principles.

What are the Differences in Robotic Prosthesis Surgery?

While planning prosthesis surgery with the classical method, x-rays are studied. X-rays give us a two-dimensional image, like a photograph.

Computed tomography, on the other hand, provides us with three-dimensional images formed by superimposing many two-dimensional sections using a computer program. On the computer running the robot. This three-dimensional and highly detailed image shows the anatomy of the entire leg, from the hip joint to the ankle joint.

After the pre-operative plan created on the computer is evaluated by your doctor and the necessary final corrections are made, you will be ready for the surgery.

How is the Robot Used in Joint Prosthesis? What is the Function of the Robot?

One of the most important factors affecting the success of the surgery is the good planning of the prosthesis before the operation and its placement in accordance with this plan.

In standard prosthesis surgeries, evaluation and measurements and planning are made on x-rays. But today, it is made on three-dimensional bone models created after the computerized tomography images taken with a special method in the most advanced robotic technology are uploaded to the computer.

These three-dimensional models show not only the relevant joint, but also the anatomy of the entire leg, from the hip to the foot. The most appropriate placement of the most suitable sized prosthesis is done in this computerized virtual environment before the surgery.

With millimetric interventions, the most appropriate placement for the patient’s anatomy is determined and recorded. During the operation, the real bone anatomy of the patient is matched exactly with the model on the computer. Then, the surgery is performed with millimetric precision with the help of surgical instruments mounted on the robotic arm.

Robot or Surgeon Performing the Surgery?

The surgeon does the surgery, not the robot. The robot brings the bone cutter and shaver tools mounted on it to the predetermined positions. It prevents it from working outside of these locations.

In this way, it is completed in accordance with the plan made before the surgery. In this way, the robot helps every prosthesis surgery to be performed with the same precision and precision.

Knee and Hip Joint Prosthesis: Essential FAQs

What is a joint prosthesis and when is it necessary?

A joint prosthesis (also known as arthroplasty) is an artificial device designed to replace a damaged or worn-out joint, most commonly in the hip or knee. The primary objective is to alleviate chronic pain and restore mobility when conservative treatments—such as physical therapy, medications, and injections—are no longer effective.

Surgery becomes necessary when joint degradation significantly impairs your quality of life.

Common causes include:

Osteoarthritis,
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Post-traumatic arthritis,
Or avascular necrosis.

If joint pain persists during rest, limits your ability to perform daily tasks like walking or climbing stairs, or causes noticeable joint deformity, a prosthetic replacement is often the most effective long-term solution.

How long does a modern hip or knee prosthesis last?

With advancements in medical technology and biocompatible materials, modern knee and hip prostheses are more durable than ever. Statistical data suggests that approximately 90% to 95% of total joint replacements last 15 to 20 years, and many patients maintain their implants for 25 years or longer.

The lifespan of the implant depends on several factors, including the patient’s activity level, weight, and the surgical technique used. High-impact sports may increase the wear rate of the prosthetic components, which are typically made of high-grade metal alloys, medical-grade plastics (polyethylene), or ceramics. Following your surgeon’s post-operative guidance and maintaining a healthy weight are the best ways to ensure the longevity of your new joint.

What is the recovery timeline after joint replacement surgery?

Recovery is a phased process that requires active patient participation. In most cases, patients are encouraged to stand and take a few steps within 24 hours of surgery to prevent blood clots. Most patients can return to light daily activities and driving within 4 to 6 weeks, provided they have regained sufficient muscle control and are no longer taking narcotic pain medications.

Full recovery, including the complete restoration of strength and the disappearance of all minor swelling, typically takes 6 to 12 months.

Physical therapy is the cornerstone of this timeline;

Consistent exercises are vital to strengthen the muscles surrounding the new prosthesis and to maximize the joint’s range of motion. Adhering to the rehabilitation protocol is just as critical as the surgery itself for a successful outcome.

Are there different types of prostheses for hip and knee joints?

Yes, surgeons select the type of prosthesis based on the extent of the damage and the patient’s specific anatomy:

Total Joint Replacement:

The entire joint surface is replaced with prosthetic components.

Partial Joint Replacement (Unicompartmental):

Only the damaged portion of the knee or hip is replaced, preserving healthy bone and ligaments.

Revision Arthroplasty:

Performed to replace an old, worn-out, or failed prosthesis.

Materials also vary, ranging from metal-on-plastic (most common) to ceramic-on-ceramic. Modern surgeons also utilize robotic-assisted technology and 3D-printed custom implants to ensure a more precise fit, which can lead to more natural movement and a faster return to activity.

What are the risks associated with joint replacement surgery?

While hip and knee replacements have high success rates, like any major surgery, they carry potential risks. The most common complications include blood clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis), which are managed through blood thinners and early movement. Infection is another risk, though it occurs in less than 2% of patients due to strict sterile protocols and antibiotics.

Other specific risks include joint stiffness, leg length discrepancy (in hip surgery), or the loosening of the implant over time. It is essential to discuss your medical history—including any allergies to metals or history of heart conditions—with your surgeon. Choosing an experienced surgical team and following strict pre- and post-operative hygiene protocols significantly minimizes these risks.